On the Theology of Plato — part 2

CHAPTER XLIV.

“Jw the next place, with. seapet i the a of Socrates, these: three

- ee are to be particularly considered. First, that he not only ranksas — ademon, hut also asa God. For in the First Alcibiades Socrates mets says, 1 have long been of opinion that the God did notas yet direct me— to hold any conversation with you.” He calls the same power therefore a demon and a God. And ia the A pology he more clearly evinces ‘that this seine is allotted 1 a : divine beerunaene ih considered as ranking in in a

¥ a ey ae t *

: divine eons aed ou : ee take cies of an intellectual ‘oid dowtae: fife,

are divine, transcending: the whole of a dsemoniacal genus, and being the So = it participants of the: ‘Gods. ‘For, as is a demon among: Gods, such © —- also is a God among- demons. — : Among: the divinities however the — 3 oe byparxis is divine; bat in demons on the contrary, the peculiarity of

oe their essence is damoniacal, but the analogy which:

sy bear to et

a isc their essence to be godlike. - For on account of their transcen-—

dency with respect to: other demons ‘they. frequently appear as Gods. With great. propriety. therefore, does Socrates: call his demon a God ine he belonged to the first. and highest: demons. ‘Hence Socrates: was mivst

perfect, being governed by. such a presiding power, and condtiog

pee second was ‘this: ‘that: Soerat

himself by the will of such a leader and guardian of bis life, ‘This: then was oné of the illustrious ‘prerogatives of the demon of Socrates. eo ‘The es perceived a certain voice p bene ing: from

. ’ ‘ . x4 ¥ ‘ s “+ ¥ t A? >? : . ’ '

his denon, © “For this 3 is asserted by him ‘in the: Lessee and in tne.

2 od A wee Phas ee

. AAU ; agiebes ; r bi ee Naat providential. care of ose as thee dust. AS B ses charioteer_ alone ae

166 as Aa eK Ce ON THE THEOLOGY BOOK vit.

Pheedras. This voice aba is the signal from the damon, whiely fe = . aks “e oa _of tm the Theages. “And again ia the Pheedras, when he was ee ie a ss earl pass over the river, he ‘experienced | the accustomed signal from the —

demon. What then, does ‘Socrates indicate hy these assertions, and

what was the: voice through which - =e the: deemon ee to him his will? |

In the 4 fist ‘place 8 we must. say, » that ‘Socratex: show ba dianostic

power, and his science of things, enjoyed the inspiration of his pence who. continually recalled him to divine love. In the second place, i inthe _affisies. o f lite, Socrates -‘supernally directed his providential attention. to.

H more ‘imperfect souls. ‘And according to the energy of his deemon, he | =

| ‘received the light proceeding from thence, neither in his, dianoétic part _ alone, nor in his doxastic powers, but also in his spirit, the illumination. of

Ut i the demon suddenly diffusing itself through the whole of his life, and now

7 moving sense itself. For itis evident that reason, imagination, and sense,

30: 3 t os SBE capa Aisferanitly 5 and that. cach of our inward parts is ae

f 4 bs diesaraiatet rf ata noeine tanec rare hi one Aen and ent © diffasing itself’ as far as to the organs of sense, becar

| which was rather recognized by cotiscioushess ‘than by se ene. For s are the iluminations of good daemons: and the Gods. 20 | An. oe third place, let as ‘consider the. peculiarity: of F the dom oy

tes; for it never exhorted, but perpe a recalled him. This also’. moust he again referred to the Soeratic life. For it is not property — commen to. our allotted demons, bub wae the characteristic of the : guardian of Socrates. We nist say therefore, that the beneficent and

philanthropic disposition of Socrates, and his great promptitude with od, did not require the exhortation Of.

- respect to the: commupieation of good, See: damon. For he was impelled {rors

: himself, and was ready ly at all

dagnes thy impart. to all men the most excellent life. But since many of |

those that came to him were unadaptec ed if wholes, his. governing goo

to the pursuit of virtue and. the 3 _ demon | restrained hun from a_

Ss ’

° * . -Ly

Poy ot she se :,* > 2

‘a= ~ % ~

fa oe

Bas

( “ge

—

~~ es

Ay

= ‘ . : ’ > ’ x u* 2 as e a sat) rr ah ret

Se iteee,

i

apts CHAP. XLIV.. ENE OF PLATO. He | 267 |

ane restrains the impetus of a horse ‘natarolly well. adapted for the. ‘race, bet ane ot

ae does not stimulate him, in consequence of his being excited to motion Ae th from himself, and not requiting: the spur, but the bridle. And hence SAU S ag igent ly 5 Socrates, from his great readiness to benefit those with whom he conversed Te EN ESO rather required a recalling than an exciting demon, For the inaptitude OR

__ of auditors, which is for the most part concealed from human. sagacity, requires a demoniacal discrimination ; and the knowledge of favourable opportunities can by this alone be accurately announced to us. Socrates Hi abatse therefore being natarally impelled to. good, alone Boe to be recalled ‘3 Savi in his unseasonable impulses, : Ree Sista _ But. farther still, it mony be said, that of demons, some are. allotted Benes Se ae purifying and. undefiled power; others a- perfective; and others» ee » demiurgic power. And in short, they are divided according: Se ADRS OO. characteristic peculiarities of the Gods, and the powers under which they =” are arranged. Hach likewise, according to his hiyparxis, i incites the object of bis providential « care to a blessed life; some of them moving us toan

attention to. inferior concerns ; re and others restraining us from action, and t : 2 : S an energy verging to externals. It appears therefore, that the damon Reh of. Socrates. being. allotted: this peculiarity, viz. cathartic, and the source. ee wn of an undefiled Jife, and being arranged under this power of Apollo, and % uniformly presiding « over the whole of purification, separated also Socrates

eet from ton much | commerce with the vulgar, and a life extending itself info — aes -. multitade. But. it led him into the depths of his soul, and an energy. oe Rie foe undefiled by sabordinate natures. And hence: it uever. exhorted, eee _ + perpetually recalled him, For, what else is to recall, than to withdraw — oe - him from the multitude to inward. energy? And of what ds th is the -

oe peculiarity except of purification? Jndest, ae Sa oe rs to | Mes that —

ie | Sour x progression i inte Discaic caulbtade HS a desnia of bis” |

y tout the intellect of Socrates. to Bachar: pS on Satelit he prog

royal throne, in like manner the demon of Socrates conducted himtoan = © 6) intellectual place of survey, and restrained his - association with the == multitude. — -For the. demon is. analogous to Apollo, being: this attendant, ELEC AL Hin aw

bee

~

‘ ey

Ree ON THE THEOLOGY | > BOOK Vit, a | Sa ieee ae eRe ene ee AU NUNN Ce maT ant Fai

i RA ETIR SRY ALR tiene RS ese

; Zs ee re x : Ps i : : a . UK DS ae ory ares 7, ea : tie

: a Ni aoe Sr ce ta ete Rd, fy COR a oles : Ot

.* ie N ate

ene the MS. Schotia os of F Pigelub o on tha Critglon: we derive the Pani tt i

aleve important information — concerning ‘this order of beings: who connect the divine and homan nature together. OF the genera posterior Pee it to the Gods, and which are indeed ther perpetual attendants, bat sey YS produce, | 1D conjunction | with them mundane fabrications fron on high, Agu iENe : as. far. aS to the: Vast: of things,—of these genera, some unfold: generation | esr a into Hight; rs others are. transporters of union ; others of ‘power; and ote ee v call forth the: nowledge -of the Gods, and an intellectual essence. But a e of these, some are: voulied. angelic, by: those. ‘that are skilful 3 in divine FAL

) eoncerns, in consequence of being established: according to {

oo Tiself ot the Gods, and making that which qs ‘uniforny’ dn hey att ee ‘commensurate with things of a. ‘secondary: rank. Hedee, the is u angelic Sete Hus tribe is boniform, as unfolding into ight the océult goodness OF the Gods. im Others | among these are called by theologists demoniacal, as binding the s middle of all things, and as distributing | divine power, and prod ucing ee as far as to the last of things. — F or Faire is To pegieais ‘But this gemas possesses. abundance of power, and 3 is multifarious, as giving subsistence to those last demons who are material, who’ draw down souls, and pro- | | aie -geed to the most partial and material form of energy.” ~ “Others again, TE.) Nea denominated by thenr heroic, who. Jead haman ‘souls: on high “throwgh a a

-leve, and who are the ‘suppliers. of an ‘intellectual life, of tmagnitade OF 22 ARG

| speestony and tatstemency of wisdom, In short, aye are ‘Allotied is 2 |

= hick. hey also convert secondary natures) ” lente, say are “toed oe i Nation, AS being able to raise and extend souls: to the oijoa j

this: -_appe A) os auguy ‘Ra aver eIeLy Tog duyas ert droug duvepeve) Reh ieee es /Phese: ‘tiple genera posterior to, ate Taleo aleaye “anipenited froin

ert ¥, Nth Gods, but they are divided froay each other. And some of thent are” oe an aioe: : lisse intellectual ; others are 2 essentialized in rational souls: ani

ra. a9 ae

— — -— + = a - «<= c ” ore wt __-- =a : “|. — of = «= -. ~_- — = =2 ———*s. - -— = —_—— ~~ — =, <-> ~~ a ~<a, SS -SS oe 2 = ~ —— *=" - i ~~ ee _o _—~ ~~ ——— : 2 _——— —<— _ = == ivy «asa —_ = : — -~~ * ao ~ — “ ~— —_e . ~ ~ -_ v - ~~ ~~ _— * . 7 4 _ ~~ of <a

npethees thes

“CHAP. SEV, OF: PLATO.

othicrs subsist in icrational aid one ial i.e. in. ie char iabte

| by imagination. — hi 8 also evident that such of them as are Sptellpctaal, ees

ce ar wisdom transcending that of —

are allotted u pruden

and which is eternally conjoined with the objects of thes inelieciens But such of them as are rational, energize discursively according: i ee

prudence. And the irrational kind are destitute of pr | enc e ; oe p they

ae dwell in ‘matter, and the darkest parts of: the universe. They

souls to. ‘image-producing bosons, (xan ouvbes tax pniese Tisaestivinn i rahe

and ‘strangle such as. are brought inte that. region, until they: Tuive soffered — ot : the punishment which is their due. These: three” genera. {therefore which ce

exes e;t

are more excellent than us, ‘Socrates now calls daemons. : bit thas much ee e triple genera, according | to Proclus.— |

Again, with ‘respect. to demons: properly. $0. called, aks are se species of them according to the Platonic theology ; the first of which is

) rational only, and the last is irrational only y y Shes A middle. speciesis

- partl y. rational: and party: itrational.

a perfectly beneficent, but. many ainong: the. other : ie aioe

SMe oo Jent- and- noxious te mankind = not. ‘indeed ‘essentially malevolent: {or eee

we “there is ‘nothing in the universe, the aurple abode of all-bountiful Jove, essentially, evil), but only: so from the office which they are destined Lee penton Por nothing: which: operates: waturally,, ‘operates as to. itself ee

Prednis, and on. that part of it i which Plato says, * There are ‘indeed, 2S

other evils besides. these, but a certain: demon Searliniely ona ee

But ‘the Platonic: ‘Hermeas tH his MS. Commentary on

fellows: : os The ditebuton: at £ goed Sat a E citeionten from she deem ee niacal (BenUs, | For. every. genus transcending that of demons, uniforn SRA

possesses good, “There are theretore, certain genera of deenoris, some oF eG Ee which adorn and administer certant parts of 1 the world; but olliers cerfain Hence, the denon: who. is the inspective guardian eo of: life, hastens souls into. that condition whiel he daniselt as ‘allotted ; ys eee for: instance, into injustice or intemperance, and. continually. aungles plea Make

| sure in therm as u ‘anare. :

species cof animals,

Bas there are other daemons haveing these,

-And again, of these the first is two species are maleyo-

| ‘ with th ir leader, who 1 i ordered to. conduct them: from vincent oy

S ae . 4 fk aN

that some of these are ce

ow {

‘oN TRE, THEOLOGY BOOK va

. : . "

- ’

at 2

vs 0 ‘ a7 ‘te * se

who are the. punishers. of. seks converting then: to a more” perfect aa MY S aoe And the first of these it is necessary to avoid; pie CY second sort we sh puld render ‘propitious. ‘There are other. demons hee ae * ever; more. ‘excellent: than these, who dinteibate: Bood in an _ naiforns Dr anea |

‘3 ‘ elevated life.

prc Be ee ate y i

an, which was allotted to him. while ‘living, endeavours to lead e:

| os a “certain: place, where it is necessary that all of them being collected aes

ier, after they have been judged, should proceed to Hades, toget

| But there receiving the allotments proper to their condition, anal |

s many and long periods of time.” Olympiodorus i in his MS. Ce on that dialogue, observes on this passage as follows:

demons ; for they are arranged under the mundane Gods. The highest of these subsists: according to the one of the Gods, which j is called an

"3 or Se -= “

which is: suspended from. Deity, and is called intellectual. The third oe subsists according to soul, and is called rational. The. fourth according “to nature, and is denominated physical, The fifth according to body, and is called corporeal-formed. And the sixth ‘uecording to matter, and this i is: ‘denominated material. Or after. another inanner it may be aid,

aquatic, others terrestrial, and cothers subterranean, to this See it i is evident thi

~

- Farther til, Pinto i in ake Pheedo, says, “ “hid the sone. a each — ee A SAHD

for a necessary time, another leader brings them back hither again, in in eee NS es

Se: ‘Since there are in the universe, things - which satan ABecatinn at = Frank |. different times, and since there are also. natures: which are conjoined with == Soe the. superessential unities, it is necessary ‘that there should be a certain Ties eu middle genus, which is neither immediately suspended. from deity, pee ets | subsists differently at different times according to better and. worse, hoe Seat which is always perfect, and does not. depart from its proper virtue; and

ig immutable indeed. but is not conjoined with the superessential, Bhi gate

whole of this genus is. demoniacal. There are also different genera of

nific and divine genus of demons. The next according to the intellect —

ial, others. ethereal, others. aerial, others : Sh cones With respect: ‘gin See mw it is desis from the se gules? of the. eae

th Sm cr ae 4 1 " MN fe Heorebt =a PEYAT,’ * ‘ ANE eielel# ‘ iy ; ; ‘ si | hy vil Uy { ‘ he eth Weuuvins >. Hanh CY ; yyy ater me Littat ¥ i” Ff Ww ; 5 mivy " Wi! ve vy, ' Natt tif +* ~ . +, _—

a Me CHAP. seiy. es oe “or PLATO! | a

ais meee “siniverse. “Bot inatonal ‘daemons. originate from the aerial governors, : fe

tS ieee whence also the me LChiidonst} Oracle: bli SS Se ee ee eee

Wier, non

ee . Se me ; f ie ee cha soy maton s 7m ath 8 bails : : ek sh

Vey

iter: hynf he Pier?

oe se = 25 ow Bae pnuntie howe se ee, series te. that order of f denon, which AT ane ORD persian under ‘the Gods tl that gic over the ascent t and fos .

-«< . SS et —ES ~~

; . + al e 2 . : ee ie on z ek ae ‘” ‘> “sor. Ae ene a a , | Wonla 2 nee See re

ay Ye > 4+

.

hh

BOIS : os Asati " Giyespiodoni: Sater: ene as ‘that the demon endeavours to fend penne: Beis is cs _ the soul as exciting its Sonsecuieds and Imaginations, a at the same time, | iia eee “however, yielding to the self-motive power of the soul. Bati in : conte aoe a | quence of the: demon exciting, ‘one soul follows” vol: untanly, a See Cis) i SPAN oH aplenty and another. according: to a mode subsisting 366) ae A ie Va . There is also one demon who leads the soul to its judges from the present ee ; | life ; another. who ‘is ministrant. to the judges, ‘giving completion, as it NWA were, to the sentence which i is panied and. a third whe % is. allotted the al Nhe ee ae _-guncdianship of tole. ee | 3 RX) Weer Dy the next! place: with: reapect ‘¢ ‘edtotal sensu it remains to

*K investigate. how they subsist: For if they derive” their. subsistence from a the junior Gods, how, since. these are the fathers of mortal natures, are.

Siac ae these demons immortal? But if from the demiurgus how are ‘they pele, ieee Feaionas? Por he is the father of things in conjunction: with bevicir ree pr eat This. ‘doubt: is beautifully solved by Proclus “as follows: ce rrittic eee demons derive their subsistence: from the junior ‘Gods, yet 2 ave 1 this account mortal, since of these Gods some generate ‘others. And

S ewud the generated Gods are called. by Plato, i in the Ti imeeus, destoons, Se:

~ becanse those that are truly diemons are” prodaced by the junior Gods. 2 ante Oar But they likewise proceed from the one dermiurgus. For as Tix Ree "says, he is the cause of all immortal ‘natures. Tf, however, the demi 1Y) ‘gus see

iparts intellect to all things, there is also in: inational: daemons : rl 2 :

* — ee of the Selecta pe ye tari © ) bar as Pride have a an

And on ee account the phantasy is not Spon calle bby Othe co el) see Bee ae? pea este oe Pee wine ees

re

Oa<ctepy eee wi $03 VE yes cht Ps iPS ee

~

>, 7

) ani ‘times depart from, ses mae be ges

‘exempt fun ei we this genus exists in continuity with the and is always undefiled. - And th

| souls of the bulk of mankind, whict : Sass as to Tartarus, and is- again excited from thence. It likewise evolves Pest eeaa -allevarious forms of life, uses a variety of manners, is. ander: the influence KON a of different passions at different fimes, and assumes. the forms of demons,

omen, and irrational animals. - At the same tim ever, if is corrected) and amended by Justice; recurs from earth to NN and is Jed found - Ronn Ye from: matter to intellect, bur oreonsatecess to: certain ee casa, Re ost th | wholes. eee pe i .

to fly on high, ee

nate, the # more bexce elle el

ead BS not F peesaig any ies aes which: ‘ean afford them rest, they ‘betake themselves together with the name of virtue to actions andthe election of things inferior, from which they at first endeavoured to raise. Rte

_ themselves, though 3 in vain, In the third class

his who hase. ae a more — e |

generation, but descents: with, par

h wanders abundantly, d de

: <>

- Plotinus fpesutifalty a alias = es the Oth: ‘book of his Sth Ennead, ‘On Intellect, ‘Tdeas, and ‘Being, as

and ‘are necessarily first comheomerte with, vena,» some ro | ce ee farther pass through iderin

and apprehending ‘that oisintr is ‘paingiul, cameos tite cera! goods thus thi e kia ao

aflected ‘in a manner similar to. whore ond birds things from the earth, and ae nite . with ‘the ae

nature. But others

‘ cellent cS ab oat with ree gover

CTA, REVI. RS ee OF PLATO. j Be ane e oT chine The died'g genus ie

: ae ios the fein of the een ‘For . hat which always: abides on high, Zoe e fourth and last genus: ig that. of he. Sele

:¥ fe fax ;

. to ‘has dette ‘geonk of Siaiae ‘aiith ae aX

| follows : - eas Since all men from their birth employ sense prior to Inlet, ; ae

: greater shave of reason Shas ‘ers; esteern ri to _ cm being e 5 who, collecting many ee

alle a at pt of the soul Trecalling th then “ rom pleastire to

ia the voce. pata men, ee

" se YA ee

; . Fr ; : a. Sus ase 0s Ase as ¥ t. : d #3 See: Pea <3 :

thy a3e

* after. woany. wanderings i is at length restored to. hu , led souls. are called. by the. author of the Golder i torresteial: demons,” berause, as Hieracles obs »s the

S- ei

men; bat by habitude demons, and { — dae ‘ oe # sie knowledge. : of divinity, For sinee all inen are terrests he thi al beings, but all. are

- of ration:

author. ‘of the verses very mae mon both t - demons conjointly. Por neither. are all men Wise, nor at pare:

that are wise, aien. Bat the illustrious h i

divine genera, me ‘ate (acco um ding bit) are es tangs als demons, and are similar to the illustrious heroes. Mies: ine ie ao ee the sng dea calls these: undefiled. souls t — ae —<" sad

th bs ihe says aacukiens race re men “was ia 2 | ti = bese. Soc. He says, therefore, th : aled by Fate, it produced | demons denominated holy, te expellers of evil, and guardi = ok think, indeed, that le calls it a golde ing of gold, ba bak a: being venti ne

lerm, It is # begin he w

: Bes * ee th,

a PO try Ms, ON THE “ruwoLoeY

ighted. with re nr which | is jee: and peat ome ing ma thre He he : me went to tus lawhal country.” = he e Rt

are by fphure:

being peer © more = excellent segoss men, are wise and phat ‘The verses ay

at wfter ibis: soa nee of mortal mets Herm. Bot what a

Pea E:

J Das ‘ 0 tA pReTASEE LO KLIYS plu PETA E yt ?* ’ —y? ; ; Mite am vst ttt : F Vit Lees a . ’ ‘

:

4 >

i Ai jee) 4 ps *. R - . eh Ak oe WW 4 vy

ey * . ¥ * ' “~ \ 4 : f SUE An 7 , - oes 7 to 3 teed H} Roieed rik dyes

ANAS) aN My ’ Aaite th A. P Lys Viv none, " a » ms J sr Vv ot AU ALY Ae ’ rk ot wy 4" a, Nabi ny TON NAIDOO RS LUE a it » ‘ ’ id v, ’ «{ - the uu be Perey RTA a hi > AT von : . ey | ay, Ve. : i vy , “% oN , .

< WT Boe e : va — > * Ss. “7 , : ’ nae) : ~ . i> —_ ’ —/ * c- "EW Se -~~ _ 7 n “Ff 4 7) : ae we 5) . ~\ Ts Sad ~~ e > REPS ay ‘ A. 'o," t=, wae ve > LA id OD . : av iS ¥ ‘ viky> | : ° + 28 wl ’

ba . “ LoS coh,

. ad : - a . % “iu a” “ . a** : _ Fr e : : ~.% " -»- a a : ; . s ; : JAAS! : . ‘ hy ‘ 4 ‘ res oerr .

z. . ee re : z a ‘: i 2 “3 ; ac! = ped a other sich as are intellectual Lpeadens 2 “Herm, Tey eect ERT y ha i y Hem, ny Tce aaas RR. = ae Ors ia ; f ‘J My - er ‘ ye * ‘hg : S: 4 3 £-* iat ie - SES Lees H,! aes ty v7 eae s \ ¥ Arti } ei ; Settee Bei Pry: Gone 3% SaaS 3. a2 S i } ita Uns aes roe sal g Sores eg: et eS Stat ete set hy : he ad Ae : P ‘ Mn “) > patie Day ae eS Ls A GS ‘ Terehip BR WO hs NE Vs : TS eS te Ne = ode ; . , , ~ Tie ‘’ ir. . 2S ey a pa 4 sw elo ere A. ~ VA % ; im ans 4 — : , . . Me ‘ ~~ i . es SS A “Se . ’ . : Med Casey ass Rael Ae fay eis . Pi ~ ee om “ 4 yey Ay tap a ir os Pe eee TENG Try inlet, Wend! 8 A SL) eRe ee a eas ES) yet tT tidak at fay ieee ek Se: de eR the triple it ave mote mote exc nt than aan, 90°. estes . = na SAF a “ESS - see fon tes Th Or bt 7 naoey. Sise,ta tates 4, Ptr ety pair ou me 5 Oe Sees v Srp 5. ive: S RK tt iy} i Wate Se cease soeg Mt ey nth SG sh {,/ - 2% ? : OS as < ie : aes . ¥ PAD tas pe G eee + Oa | - < Ji © to a , 4 Ys SEM 5: re » » i. . Ab bla” 4 | » testi Pe ~ 6 he Se ‘ Jha pa ore ee te > Ae os : ~ tke v 4 yy ' a . - : . > : tA | > oN iJ : : “i . - d Pd “ - . i : ‘4 J , . a < % ’ : - *,' : " o> 1 a “rab 4] nF oe he Ss < me if +; , ; a AAS HY FT), ? » ; = : ; Laff vith : = = = ; § ‘ SF ah ‘ 3 “AS ~ — Narre aky Oh > Le = S woz 3 - * wie ‘ Su) 5 > = . “ : eee oi. ti Sree: a ‘ + ‘ i VAehs nm

iaieeek: “And. in our ancient tongue this very-name is to be found. | Hence both -he and twany: other poets; speak ina becoming manner, when aes aman after death will receive a anighty. destiny and EAU AD

1 therefore assert the sa sane, ‘that every: 2

you not know. Ahat heroes-are demig

| 8 Begs the

“ae: was. ‘the ge re

: ‘CHAR: XVI. OR PLATO: = : 875

are vot. Soe: On this necounty- there for aes 3 ot he calls them daemons, because: they were prudent and learn

they say thatw ge od man afte renown, and will becoine it: demon, according: to the surname of pri

that he is demoniacal both while living aad when dead; and that he is —

properly. denominated a demon: Herm. ‘And T also, Rocketes, seem to” eS

myself to agree: with you perfectly in this. particular. ‘But what does the name hero signify 2 Soc, This-is by no means difficult, to: anders : stand. For this: name is very little di rent from its. original, evineing ae that its generation is derived from love. Hern . How i is this? Soc. Do i ade? ‘Fieen. ‘What then? ‘Soc. Alb ie of them were doubtless generated: either from the love of a Godtowards _ a mortal maid, or from “the. dove: of. = man towa ds a Goddess. diy y therefore, you contider this: natter according to the ancient Attic | tongue, you will more cle sundial: the truth: of this: derivation. © Bor i

will be evident to. you that the word hero is: s derived aoe oe oe * inte is

trifling smuitation for the sake of the. name? Pe ee ee ‘The seaning of Plato in this passage, ed ‘alee x nee ae hes properties. of terrestrial: ‘bene are. raped unfolded t ce See roclys ~ ity

indeed, are dvemons by nature. Those daemons, bi 10¥

tioned, together with. the demigeds: heroes, are not gee aire eid i ceca ee ae i i nature, for they.de vot always follow the Gods; bot they are only 80 from’ ag

habitude, being souls who naturally deliver themsolves to gevieration, such’ :

° Lee Spe BA eee cae ee a ae - . » < ™ - ieee 2 P= > i ‘: a “3 ! ae) ps ” - ‘ye . 4 a 4 * $f. Puyo tee Se bn Na et rg pratt 82F dn ah e? t» ears eye St Pore nek ee ee wad , Th & > a toe ns : BE en nie Noe ane oe: ; Ld » ‘ a :

ern appears: tine; more: that evel vt

ad man is. learned: fod capa a

2 7 re ‘shes extremities ae: a ‘prior, are conjoined ith asi sumarits PARES ols ees of ‘a secondary order. ‘Thus for instance, our ‘master Hermes & omits ype Bepns) being'an archangelic monad, is celebrated as a God. Bat . : Plato calls the whole extent between Gods abet mien vd ott ons. And #] ey Bian tal

at Hercules, aod: others af the | like hind. Sous the peculia- eR

HA 276 , ‘ON THE THEOLOGY “BOOK seid i

oy an

Bi Sach beroes also it is necessary to honour, and to perform funeral fites

their sonoma -coofarmably to the exhortation of the Athenian meee

This heraic genus of souls, therefore, does not always follow

ee Gods, but is undefiled, and more intellectual than other souls. Aud

i it descends indeed for the benefit of the life of men, as. parte iking: of a

are. easil: iy led back to the: intelligible world, in which they five for many periods ; while. on the contrary, the more irrational kind of souls, are: "either never Jed back, or this is accomplished with: Sac bigueci Acter

: continues fora very inconsiderable period of time.

ans . Bach of the Gods indeed 3 is perfectly exempt fon woisbiees natures, 3% ns os the first and n more total of demons ¢ are fikewise resonate # ove a a

ea . ai eg sepia aati and. removing all pear oheainig Fables, a | therefore, through : selves. For spirits ¢

h ‘the similitude of app

a conceal the things them- —

from on high, as far as to the last of things; each of which series a comprehends i in itself many essences differing from each other ; § ‘such : as - the ‘Angelical, demoniacal, bervical, nymphical, and the like. The le owest. powers, ‘therefore, of these orders, have mach’ communion with: the : human race; for the: extremities of first are connascent with the suomits of secondary natores. “And they contribute to our other natural ‘operas tions, to. the. production of our. species. — On. this. account itis: fr zr vently seen 1 diet from the mixture of these: ‘powers with mén heroes are |. who. appear to possess a certain prerogative above human

=

oS = mature, Not eal) 6 a deemoniacal gene, “somites of this Mes reiaicaly) 4

> PAN

= a destiny inclining downwards; but it has rouch of an elevated nature, Se and which is properly liberated from matter. — : Hence souls of this. kind

3 of ‘this kind are similarly denominated with the Gods, ED the leading causes: of their series. Hence they say, either that Gods have: v a

ie connexion: with: ‘women, or men with Goddesses. But if. they’ were | willing to speak plainly and clearly, they would’ ‘say that Venus, Mars, _ Thetis, and the other divini ities, produce their respective series, beginning

+

a ae

\ V ® \ yA ’ , ote rk ~ {¢ if We eae eu whe F 4 Mba = Pe en POSS ar ee oe aS x ” av *> s . * a4 ‘ e .

according to to the masculine prer og sameness, and at another time according to their feminine prerogative, or alee ference; yet so as that according: to both these. energies — they act with rectitude, and without merging themselves i in the darkness OE body. They likewise know the natures. prior to their. own, and. exercise a reas providential care. over inferior concerns, without at the same time having . oe : bulk of mankind,

the circle of diffe

ee vigour and

AL

CHAP. XLVI, OF PLATO, © ene ma

<. sympathizes with. men, but a. ‘different genus purities with: other

gos animals, as N ymphs- with trees, others wee pe and others we j See

stags, of ‘serpents. — aan eerastaghess timate Ans

= Bot how is it shots at one tive ‘the Gods are tad to tare ‘connexion. SG RRS Ta

with mortal females, and at another. time mortal females with the Gods? aan Neo 3 ane meine that the Somsmianion of Gods with Goddesses gives subsistence cee

| life, Vige decease phi dianditic, the hander: of which - is 7 eatled by Plato i in

the Timeus the circle of difference, and the latter, the circle of sameness, and which are characterized by the properties of male and female — | hence these souls at one time exhibit a deiform power, by energizing ative of their nature, or the circle of

that propensity to such. concerns: which is found in the

- But the-souls which act erroneously according to the energies: of both : these circles, or which, in other words, neither exhibit accurate specimens ae

of. practical, nor of intellectual virtue—these ‘differ i in ne respect fron

gregarious souls, Or ‘the. herd of mankind, with. whom the circle of sameness is fettered, and the circle of ‘difference s sustains all-various eee fractions and distortions. RAG Asi itis impossible therefore, that these Sake pear can ne with equal Poe oe

bx rfection, according to both these. circles at once, since this. ea eae is the province of natures more divine than the human, ik 15 necessary oe that they should sometimes descend aod energize principally ACCGF Be aS Seon : 16 > their doxastic be and sometimes o spenedlg k to their x more intellectual ae Seek ee

ay . Bi Fs

demigads, as aie. aly 9 one ae bee citcle ger

> a fire ee Pee ve SS ah 4. a

Sach. of these therefore, as. have the circle of — ote le! bs are : 2 As excited to an Intellectual sife, and are e moved about it according. to a

os | ON THE ‘THEOLOGY

dei mereciew: are. said to.

ife.— according. to the a practical allah, ie: at the same. dime duihusesticalie ds or. in oth thee under ihe insy piring influence - of divinity,—these are sd

But Lis! Oe hongeut : a spelt without i

BES,

rectitude of energy in. each of these cirel les a to he ascribed to} a divine

cause.’

same: time exhibits specimens of magnificent, veliement, and ‘divinely-"inspired energy, a8 being the son. of a Goddess, attachment to. practical. virtue, that even. when. 3 in Hades,

union with hody, that he may assist his father. While on the eontrary,

Hence when the circle of sameness has dominion, the diving ohana S ta mination i is said to be masculine and paternal ; but whenthe = ea dominates, itis said to be maternal. Hence too, == Relies | in : Hmer nets with, rectitude i ins practical affairs,” ae ks hae Oa

AP APs

; . *y

j ns] .

bs bern LVR ae : vo» j 4 -3 iy

} SLA 4 : vs . a 4?

> Lee |

aie a God for their father, and # we Bods _ for their mother, through # defect. with. respect to the. doxastic | seni ite Bo ke UR

i ape ae | ‘pu aid to weve & > tab for: their ‘father, and. a. Goddess for their. mother. In short, ae

And such is his 1€ - desires ene eny

- Minos Faas Rhadamanthus, who were heroes illuminated by Jupiter, ‘

ao themselves from generation ta true being, and medidied eich motes --eoncerns no further than absolute necessity required. <

“In the last place Proclus adds, that heroes are very ‘prope Se fe fom the co-operation = nced, To which’ may also be added, that

ree originated. from Plenty” as. the more ‘excellent. cause, and from oti esa ‘Devens as the recipient and. the wore: cause; and heroes are y eons Tees

"nated from Love, since Lovei isa acne disinon:: ‘an ib ies of demons hernes. are pro lai

“produced from different genera.”

Plato who was one of these cece or + detmigndsy. w was: 5 ie fier of os . ote

ae in the | way above. explained by Prochis, as we are informed by ieptene : in his. life of vee Sia Le cai 43 It is a repented feng: au

Me a Me ‘nant Samet, be ssiehaliy hisires ¢ Sat tht diving. cause shh ee iia

_ extites these circles i in the. most unrestrained and 4 impassive manner, without yates freedom oF ) a S cae

s themselye: : or Suse as Tee es erento pois we ae oe: ,

ee oe > See a most miastesly: sbatenen" ‘of he dance o Achilles as +a hero in my | y translation of ca | ees a _Procaee noble apology seeiioacach in i the Gret Volume of Liss Plato. | EE RE RS Oe Fa

ss "/ ’ 7¥ 2 ‘ 1) oy Wee rey, p t) >) + if Web , f) Mae v Upsadee gs yi ts ay , rn y P ‘2. 7 fy Je ivy ; Sia Le hy} ‘* Py, xP AS TALL ; :

; , ae 4

ent. %%

oo a demigods, and who descend ded into the regions of mortality for the

CHAR. XLVI. or PLATO. ? 979 2

Apolloidinced spectre had connection eile Perictione the mother. of Plato, s

and that appearing in the: night to Aristo the father of ‘Plato, ce 1a) sleep: with - ‘Perictione during the time of her —

: sceoiniae sich “banda. Aristo obeyes

Ee The like account of the | i os |

. divine bases of Plato is also given by Apuleius 4 in bis treatise: on the ee

é Epimesid ‘

dea ecetin, Eielocse nd Keeton actcd Hec Apls

| becoming ots, with Parthenis the mother of Pythagoras, and

causing her to be pregnant, had in consequence. of this predicted

concerning Pythagoras by his priest." And thus much concerning those undefiled souls who were called by the ancients terrestrial demons, heroes.

Rn _ le seers a are mee rantly

’ ; = < F, _ * 4 ~ : . fe 4S POPE A, Va D Bee os oes ew OA, er el i) Ca Al ~ ca ee & aes ws. ee ot ee eee... 2 Ce ee Braye ei & aeai'é _* . Tes: ¥ sbiseties "Heaven xl s suaing from the orb ot Arles de 7 lw '\t -. +,* > oa ;~¥# au? i , ss 4 ‘4 wor ‘> : ; ”" +4} a i: y . , . . 4 : 4 BAST Me A ia, ih Py +1 a” CLL Aa ; 4 os ‘ “™ : . ; ; >> > } ‘ ' ~ 7 oe “yf -“ " ; , _y , . "> ‘ ahs yt ‘ fee’ > 1 , , J . = ar —— * "VT My. ; r vce ae } 2 ; a =*s ms 2 — sb Ti ok Fe rf Pity tL O44 air ‘ " . ‘ r ‘ MI eter pay y Pts } =} ft) , That, <werie ref be Veta AN GP? 2 aS | . 7 , ‘ a oh» HY ‘ Ky \" Ate Je ar ors Sree! <F “¥ : . . ti , y ; 7 f Ae ow tye ; " + . on PrER vn -) at f w 7 vi , XEN rE: ; ov y As ry myst Spel ‘a doute OC rT

| alah Mere See unfolded | in te SS edie chapters, ; are indicated by ratte Wie the following: division. of time, in, the first. hypothesis of the ‘Parmenides: ee

from which division the one is shown to be exempt; “ ‘Do not the. nae ca ey Oe it was, it has been, i did become,. seem. to signify: the parti 6 ‘pation of the eee

Pees time past? Certainly. “And do not the terms it will be, it may become, and, it will be generated, signify that which is about to be hereafter? =

Certainly. Bot are not the terns it 1: and, ae is becom Tae fo be, reoaclen of Se 1 wees Hime? E Hone 50. lt sete ¢one participates ino respect

980 a a ‘ON THE THBOLOGY Datel “BOOK am i

| “af any time, it neither ever ‘as, nor das bea . nor di a become, Nori it : s

now generated, 3 nor is nepeaciee, Tae will be generated, nor will be _ The commentar

to be, nor is, nor ma “a ‘become ¢ hereal ie 1 i is most true” | eee ee

a . we ‘. ‘ 3 view ney + J A one

ences of these. For to each, of the wholes a multitude’ is. co-ordinated,

~ divided | into. things first, “middle, and last. For a cértain multitude SS “subsists in conjunction with that which is established conformably tote “past, the summit of which i is according: to the ‘was, but the middle aceording to it has been, and the end according t to it did become. With that alo “which is established according: to the present, there ds another multitude, ae the principal part of which is characterized by the is, the middle by itis S pearalal and the end by it is becoming to be, And there is another baad 2s with that which subsists according to the future, the most elevated part of : Mbich é is characterized wiles the tout me that ees tanks in the g inidle gid it ae

} hy Fi

“these are op aioe fine their ‘eae: eres s- ny aa AL these orders, likewise, which are distributed sh necting 4 oe ents ar time, energize according: to the whole of time; this whole containing

int ‘itself triple powers, one of which is perfective of all ‘motion, ‘the seoond connects and guards things which use governed by it, and the third | unfolds — a divine natures into light. ‘For, as” all guch things as are not eternal, are jed round in a circle, the wholeness or the monad of time, perfects” and noe connects their essence, —_ Hinclane | to > them the ee aaihy OF ceeek Seoiy

y of Posie ‘ou this passage is as oho: * “Phin aivi re : ctor ds with the multitude of the divine genera, whieh < ate suspended from divine souls, viz. with angels, denions, and heroes, And in the first place, ‘this division proceeds to them supernally, according t to a triadic distribution into the present, past, and future; and in the nest — place, according toa distribution into nine, each of these three being again subdivided into three. For the monad of souls is united to the one Periiaed : —_~ ‘of time, but this is participated secondarily by the multitude of = souls. And of this. multitude, those participate of this whole totally, thal. it t according to the past, or the present, or the future; bat those Re "participate of it partially, that are essentialized according: to the differs

: : = = durs divided into such as: ‘are

order in. intelligibles, 7 Dp

fends in itself the present: and the future, so the

CHAP. | XLYIL OF PLATO. bg eis a gage os

ites evolving the contracted multitude which aicbeible in peat natures; = whence also this apparent time, a8 Timeus SAYS, unfolds. to us the — :

iweasures of divine periods, perfects: sensibles, and guards things which Se

are generated in their proper numbers. Time, therefore, possesses: triple

powers prior to souls, viz. the perfective, the connective, and the. unfolding, : according to a similitude to eternity. ‘For efernity, possessing: a middle nerfects the order posterior fo itself, supplying it with union, bit unfolds. mito light that whieh is. prior to itself, producing»

ay nto rarer . despioned union, and “connects the middle: bond of intel- :

YR

Ha beetne: die g sapernally ‘a tale powers of oternity, ppaarts them -» tosonls. - “Eternity, he | - both unitedly and distributively ; and souls distributively alone, Hence,

owever, possesses. this triad unitedly ; 7 but. time | :

of souls, some are characterized ‘according 1 to one, and others: according ee ‘to another power of time; some imitating its unfolding, others its perfec- —

tive, and others ils connective power. “Thus also with respect to the Fates, some of these being adapted to give completion and “perfection: to things, Se are said to sing the past, always indeed energizing, and always” singing, their songs being intellections, and fabricative energies about the world: _ for the past is the source of completion, Others again of these are adapted to connect things present; for they gard the essence and the ==

- generation of these. Aud others are adapted to unfold the sfonere: : Le RL peta eee they lead into esse esreg

ni ce and to an end that whichas yetienot. We may also. say, since there is an order of souls more eecciient than

themselves the rest: But souls of a middle rank ‘are: sanee to the ae

Scrat present ; for this was onee Suture, bot is not yet the } pe Stee the present contains in ‘itself the future, Eos these n iat : > ~ hose posterior, | but are comprehended in those. prior t to Makestnae ‘And EN caer ates souls of the third order’ ‘correspond tot the future. For this oes Hot oN at rae Ss ces alone 5 just as. these: mare: souls are: oft themselves: sone, but through : ae Sy Fol

d through the present, not has become the p

rst, such as ‘are middle, and such. asare

‘3 ast, the most total of ‘these are adapted to the past. For as this compre- € : ; : ‘ se souls comprehend i a =

_ oS : ee oe cf ON THE THEOLOGY SENOS Sk a li ee

| ols Bow jae) eonialestba eS

fies

wet yeaa aid: ie : ae bei Om

is derived: to all econpaneey ‘ks fist aia a wabetscaee: en Pgavonie hh and a whole frome the: bovaatar: me an eeteanon ali se aoaios de from: the

if As aXe

; ’ zu ; . +h \ ™ : ; ° > . ; . . , . : ’ ’ s af " ' : } Tw ITA ok ’ . % a, =< " -$ - a -_ CHAPTER Lv ROG Cad Ma nese cae 7 y : » ¥ . , me , "4 ify! Ay LA, "hed ( HN a . ‘ : . WN fey WA h, 5 add f 4 a ara htie » j / 5 aa eh ter Pie's ore P ; a . ~ D PSD ee et ise . " “ pes

Nt yy ny Wi ie, (Vi

Aare: esi unfolded to ae ail tbe phibiceua phamusigtety oe M properties of the mundane: Gods, and of the. triple genera. that. are perpeice present-him with =

ia sually suspended from them, Eshall in the. next

ee of the genera posterior to theGods. ee ae a - lig whale of the fea triad: thesefore, hina the once, for thin ie the i spew ay, : ~~ fiarity of the past, and of completion ; but it is. divided. Apto. the was, it ee was generated, and it did become. Again, therefore, of these thr wee, thewas = signifies the suinmit of ‘the triad, bounded according to W rparxis itself aie but was generated, signifies 2 an at-ouce-collected perfection ; eodiaid SO oC mes an vebeeene: in. sae eeu these —_ sited imitations 7 |

Bald says; in celebration of the divinity of the. World, the great eS

: ad w ich _ som prehends all these, so far as the whole of it isa C

3 as ‘kes ‘a divine intellect, a-divine soul, and a deified body. Ia the ‘Timeus: then, Plato celebrates gee wae as a deity in the following

a"

ho is an eternally reasoning

ibeintes cokiiaden:: certain time wouldexist, he

fabricated his ies smooth and nue arelag and every way. from the middle = Suen eect and whole. and i from the composition. of periect bodies. oe aie Ba placing soul ‘in the made of the world, | he s atended 2, hepa the

ential unity derived from the ineffable principle of 2

> i i x8 ~—

ied = Pm

. —_-. ~~ Ss ee — i. ~ el a 1 ee . a _-_ --so

ee . =_— ——_—_— = - ee . ~~ <_ -

—_ - _

- — a ° - . _ - -_ *

~~ 2

- ~ i

a — —_ -

iy char. EVIL.

| figure, and without contact; *

OF PLATO. 283°

“whole; and besides this, externally pironstell the. body aia S a circle to. revolve in a circle, he established . heaven fice. the world) one, only, solitas

with. soul. And causing -¥ natufe, able. throogh virtue to

converse with itself, indigent of nothing external, and SS known

) s and friendly: to itself, - _ And on all these accounts: the he. wo Seated by him, a blessec

ed God. ~The first part word * perfect holies,” ‘is admirably ‘Gusidated by Fiscles: as follows: What is here. said, imitating the one intellect. which co pr the infellection of wholes in one, collects all things i ints sameness, and refers : te one summit : all the fabrication of the. corporeal system. — eS is neces ar

sary, therefore, that we should recal to our anemory what alread, ee vansorteds* Jt has: been. said. ‘then, that t saat =, . rendered all things” in concord with each

univ ree “aes and smooth, and has itself a knowledge of iteelf, and a “motion in ene: f es -

Hence, it is evident that the whole world i is assur all-perfeet animal. “Bat the: orderly dis ribo which it contains pre roceeds anal the number of its elemer : ts indeed, and the unifying | bond of therm th analogy, corres} onde: to the essence - which i is. without ¢ : for number. is there.

tion according tothe whnles

eeieuuca, sone’ analogous to the intellectual wholeness.” Its sphericity is analogous: to intellectual figure.” Its: sniliciency, intellectual:

| motion, and eee of convolution, are analogous to the God who

sit Te in” himself." 2s Te aniniition — to — se

demiurgic intellect ‘ thos :

S laabaoaa ik the same time intellectual order.

a ™ forms the mito he sonenerioe odes See tae a etch sume . Wi tain wha cabs at the cuomi of the inet onder. eat tase

i nthe Ah cy sbi tthe sf the ke

“ne § was: generated a whole consisting of wholes. - “What it ik is svopbadeal feet

gous to its second and third causes. — s ‘colour, “ae sas

oe ec. ‘The first wholeness ial h adorns all things, and which consists af the wholes of 9. >

fae

‘ , cn : i* ‘ Ft ; Us ’ SS.

: oe the Laws Plato says that soul is immortal ink ced, and indestris i Sk SeiurinS ble, but qs not’ eternal. Hence, it appears that every. ene who Seren

shes becoming tobe,and isin a part of time. But this is the sore orthe at a certain RUE eatin

ly tmnes mentioned by Plato, and is not a simultaneous subsistence fa ab CS cay aia time, but is always ata certain time. For: the eternal is. always i inn the HE ea whole ¢ of shawnee ; but the me ral 3 OR et

the demiurgus himself, ‘so far a8 he is intellectual, he. produces all thin, aR Ce ‘intellectual ; ‘but so far as he i is being, he is the father of all box lies an: ; 2 | aS a every thing incorporeal ; aod ‘$0 far as hei is a God, he also. gives. subsis be SN

, ‘ence: to matter itself In what. is: now said, therefore, Plato” makes. a Brie a summary repetition of every thing which the universe derives from tins Pests ‘intellectnal Gods. And thas much concerning the whole theory. IRN OI,

: When, Losi tieie: Plater calls the Semone fa aD ee -reasani

“soul is the demiargus, is ignorant of the difference between the. eternal Sg RA

Be, divided fabrication. ; And the words, * who ata certain lime would ERs P CLG are exist,” do not indicate: a temporal beginning, as Atticus imagined. they LR REEMA

wm ON THE THEOLOGY — anes “NOOK: vit BT Minhe

natures: prior to it, different ‘things being analogous to different causes. Peano ‘And the more excellent natures indeed are the causes of all that = «| proceeds ‘fom. secondary principles ; ; but secondary principles: are ‘the if eee auses of less numerous: and Jess excellent effects. For with respect to. oehee:

et us survey, however, more particularly the truth of what j is som mid g:

ee a a e oe > = $ a | we 4,9, ‘ Me " ction of him ee Ra

pipes

; ‘brongic ebiehs the woud is perpetinl; ta be peal: ‘Iti is “requisite, co See Waticisie Le to observe how he arranges the demiurgus among beings that always. oe ioe —). oesiat, assigning to him an eternal order ; so. that he. will not be soul, For ies Bae

and the. indestructible. But reasoning is “significant. “of distributed: OR PA

did, but an essence conjoined with time. . For Plato: says in this.dialogue,

“* that time was generated toxether with the universe,” and the world is 6 temporal, and time is mundane. For time and the world a are consubsistent eee ie with’ each: other, and “co-produced from: the one fabrication OE Shange 8 Ae

=

And a temporal ever, may be said tobe et @ certain time, when compared eae with that which is eternal, ‘just as that which. is. -generatively being, is non- Ris bein, i when compared with that which is ‘intelligibly being. Though the =

world, therefore, exists through the whole ‘of time, yet its being onsists in

if

in a certain Paes: is Bie) dete differen ey. Heeroma

FE ho

i 1, OF SSPE ne: ana! * 26 ts

¥

ae CON. roe Tia on

ve

a

’ eae . . wy chy Ri ‘TWh, 4" r " .

an 4 eS ae ‘i ee 7 ~™*

¢. wo sete 2s “a ee a Le

eer>> ey “ . A) => 4

_ » & YY eee ad < -

s)* . _ Bee spelen

4afei 2 ~~, Bice Kan aA 4

od tae we eae z - .

a we = 1

- A . We ee rerhy

in ‘a different times > Hionwey: the end. as se ref fere ey : alled a God, who at a certain time would z exist. For the forny who is feu eye 8 ros but is oe et Se aie eae certain t tines nErpe! : | Ces sss into t be

dace: of ay as. wither sales

| wistent generates. things: that are. sunbegotten, and. dist a ps cs ee wonid: exist, is that: whieh js fash tape ~ aecording to. which there are division and composition. For this, also, fs the ena Tinea. cdaiowell indicates to. Jiao who a are able bd 2 winder: 3 E

. ; i

; ; i ;

Pant " ‘? ‘ ; AN ; , . ‘i ‘3 ’ | ; FEES

} " rh " ; j : % AF Bh

cua: uth

20 aor to an aida

existiog God, is very: properly ca

ner is. ‘sensible with reference to the latter, |

intellectual. - That. whi is sensible, ‘therefore, 3 is alwa:

For ity : gs serene existence ge Lah is aie

ing, and that sacl it possesses: 18. oats but it is parley by see receiving, the ability. af existing infinitely is being. numbered 1 in that whieh

is s finite, its eviden

always possessing exis parte

and again, not aeeiais without # an a extension ‘of being. Unie 88,

time the wore has to the whole. HAST 2

ah also, you are willing, at. mle. ae aa ier ee manuer, “Alsat sitiee Plato denominates the world a God that at a certain time would exist,” -

since le has now fashioned a corporeal nature, and given, subsistence: to

intellect, but not yet! to sonl, because the world also. asa God will have: a : ae subsistence in the course ‘of bis narration: . For divinity produces at once See

i a

both parts é and the whole, but Japguage divides things that are

according ‘to time. The God, _therelore

RE Sgt —otarys ey Doorn Tae ee x NI far ate TEI OREN ok OR aS ee a S PEe a ee ed 394424 ¥, Oe FO re ISS LP ROE Se - ee en = A a os esd % Sor bea {iP ose — : ai eb Tete PESTS DAM a- ee a ee : she ‘ , Pees ; z. ; < is : a4 | tees Tot fx] FO “yeh 708 wo st asras iti : ee soy : #~ — = n~ = 3 3 : : ; tS in of re a Ne ae hg tainty SENT Dan ae pe hg aN garages bar y Ae hed ips ; , SA : Poe Be oe MIE Ne PENN ae Ne Poe Ee AS eh eta bay aaa a : A 4 Hs ie ah re ty ie . a — 3 | 7 y ne ee » ri. > ‘ : Pridery' Ustad A ; _ e My Cathy fe Wwe ht ni, ’ DY ‘ 4 :

: at that it ace at ce oeertath time; from a certam time — ex stence; and in consequence: of that: which is imted to it never ceasing, always. becoming to be; but in its own | nature existing at a certain time, and having, as Plato says. in. the Politi; cus, a renovated immortality. For subsisting in rising into existence, the whole of it does not at once participate: -of the: whole. of being, ‘but- again CS . ; 3 s perhaps, a eS, sign nities the whole of dame. For the os 656 reference toan eterna id infinity is wore acertain Boney, time. And the whole of time bas the same r ratio 0 eternity, that a nate of bmn

af bules oes. ies re, that ata certain ee joned in the nasration of Plato, and

i. Dies Before heaven fi. e. the world) was. and matter, and. God the :

argus himself, For as he is the father of fathers, and ‘tbe supreme of © ' vullers, so the world is the most perfect of perfect natures, andthe most Seisial

286 ON THE THEOLOGY es BOOK KM NN

3 ~ stand Ain, when he pays. in. his. treatise (On ae sank of themed ee eS enerated in words, there wereideg | : jemiurgus.” For he clearly manifests vars he SO Sones | fashions i in words the generation ofthe world. on Se ND When Plato, Tikewise, says that the demiurgus fabicoted the ¢ body af San the world smooth and per this manifests the one comprehension in the world, and its sapreme aptitude to the participation of a divine soul, PA pee Rut the words, * every way from: the middle equal,” exhibit 1 the peculiae | “rity of a spherical figures | for this is every way squally, distant aceording | : to all intervals. And t hem positio of perfect. hodies,” give: to the. werk. a consummate “‘autiibade: te all. tel Ean ee perfect animal; for that was in all things perfect; andalsatothedemi-

total of wholes, You may also say, that Plato calls the world. smooth, as

= - for this i is properly a whole and perfect. It likewise consists of per

qe returns toit through the above-mentioned words, i imitating thes progresion 8 z yi of. the > world from. its par e |

i ne ek sa . > . * ys ‘ oS - , A 3 vs . 5 : ty , i" . ™ — ‘ , . »s *¥ . i= ‘ FT * . - . ca : . — ; . - _

a a aig soul in the middle of the world, he extended it through the co .

not being i 1 want of any. motive, or nutritive, or sensitive ong “ant 3 for this had just before been demonstrated by him. — ‘Bat that it is every way | equal. from the middle, as. having aspherical | figt ure. And. that it is w | Saas and perfect, | as being all- perfect, and. Jeaving. nothing: external to itself Oh ee eas

g bodies, as being composed of the four elements. But Plato calls iti in : the singular number # body, a as being only-begotten. And thas. beginning = from the only-begotten,. and proceeding: as far as to perfection, he again |

ren? andi ah sedans maven to rib

sp + ae ~* ~_ > ot 2 TN a Pl CD Ae Mat. SS ye ie 4 % ' w« & - 4, xx a7 : ‘ —< A. »* y ah ~ ra J ys vi ae Se a .

tz : - ee ee. nS . “ ~ > ,, : ' . . - + r. ¥ ae J ‘ wey . ; / , ’ 3 ; - b ie oe : - i» ; deta . : . 4 . . , , “ e ’ ; tas “ : * s ; ~ , , “ . a ; oy ‘ Aaa * *%y ; : 5 a » é , : = ' ~ . . - 4 ae : sober tptkiyy . “4 : ; . - ‘ « x . . . et: O 4 A, . : * : = ‘ 2 . “ : ~ : A . 4 4 . > “ : . a's = A P : b, _ a F ." ’ 5 : . —s => es ° . ‘ x c > 7 . " v¥

, : Pa ee o8 —— et ae | 3-5 ats : 4 : . wera AS as dango oF PS ae fe Er 3 a” 2 7 a>. <= 5 2y ‘

: . + was Ji iver, hy 4 Fo os as . » . >=> 5 =x > : « wie. Thi <P te : > 2 Ms iy » Vu A 4 “J ta a iN : - = Se a Pa -- " — - $= r : . ’ ’ f < ‘ =: . , ‘ O's he , UN ; . . . = we lian S=>- . ees ‘ » Mid ‘ae tie 7’

vi r ata. *

ag thie: next place, let 1 ‘us Goat our ‘atentiog. te ‘the cesta: « Bot

e anil pach at the same time, the

and ethers a diminished dignity. For some. ngs proceet Ses but others ina less degree. And sonie are co-arranged with the demiur- eee gus according to union, others according to contact, and ather eee 8 ‘participation. For. ‘intellect is able to. be connascent. with: ‘intellect. a

CHAP. RLIX. | OR PLATO. SAG. oes

| ‘wet

whole ; and besides this, externally: sure = nde

things. ‘For according te : Bee £ | £ Le: DAL. meg) intellection of wholes, he generates all things from himself, supermat dane and - ‘mundane )

though all things proceed at once frony one cause, ye

‘union; bat soul is naturally adapted to be conjoined wi intellect ; and bodies paveipate of it-only, jue he pr

ist as things in the

these being produced at once, ‘and at the same time; there | order im these proceeding from the: demiurgus, Janguage :

beginning’ supernally according» to progression, ends at the stint itis ote. of fabrication, but at another time being invited" from: ‘things: Ma Ee according ta conversion, recurs to the sunimits of the ‘universe, conform. i é % Y RF eas ee eee “ably: to things themselves: — | For all ‘things proceed, and ate converted to ;

— =the cause and principle from which ae Brett 4 in so tere Coto

Su aes a a certain opie ae circle. re Pe ay

2A Fel ne OF et et eet Ss ‘ : Vraer aet ; rhe Si} « oF Fes ee ® ah Sih bers 4. se ar 5 tet = ehh a be heey 7 os 3% “ C= . Pe at Peo ee 4<% : ; : > . un ai ie ys j , SSAC gS SPATS VEE at ENS SS oes ee : Re ie ee ep Ts ane tS DY PAL EA? ESR

" a ry > mM

= ss, ESE ERD SEPA SR OT gia NW) 7, , We ORR. yu Ae » eels eh ee tre: easy Sorular P . - ’ vi 4 ws . » a ‘! - 7 ‘ / VV avaVs ne a aN ey ep gs we a Ny Pg te ee IS ‘ yo ; SM vers aie : His necessary to read o¢gumuod;: | q f ! 7 ow ‘ > a ~ > a » h UM Poke SIR: nat Nita, earache Bae he MAT MS ES: Byes. vot A SAS COUVID EE peat nee s 5% SINS ge Rr ie yas ee tats 1 ye't 4 ee os CAA ST at ’ ath hs I ates SI on ¢ q fii ‘ PEM hawt ode ¥ Posen ORR oa eh len ee Sees ‘ , , ASRS a WAS SR eo peg tee y et tre Ries : : 7 A -

= dpb the uubiverse. a es with soul.” Divinity, ‘Says Proclus, at ence and eternally prodticeg all

beings, intellects, sotils, natures, bodies, and matter itself, : A LION

And indeed, an at-once-collected subsistence in a greater degree belongs EO ost aies

to the demiurgic progeny, than to the solar lamination ; though i Path

_ the whole light proceeds simultaneously with the sun. But it is evident | that the sun imitating the father of the universe through visible fabrica-

She Stag / ton. is inferior to eternal and invisible production. _ Al things, theretore, Se

“as we have said, being produced from the invisible fabrication at once

order of the effects is likewise pie |

erved. For all things: proceed collectively together with ther own

proper onken. ‘For im the producing cause, there was also at eternal Spee

jnteHection, and order Prior to the. things: that were arranged. — -Hener,

t some Saw a first, ee

ceed in a greater,

18 “according ere 1 ‘profun- ers

dity of the earth participate: of. the ‘splendour of the sun. _All these, mo vi therefore, ‘subsisting: in the world, via, intellect, soul, and body, eed val < eS

Want ‘a Voncekoen = intellect. Ane wool, sand. |

oa siahe MTT on ran wHEOLOGY. ae

AN inte: however, delivered to us the onder ‘oft a lec itd nee : “af the world, according to. progt

“gives it tes power ol emaiiage ti Se a aed sige imitating, scan i ect.‘ Always, likewise, causing | the: world te be mare perfect bythe |

a ace he: introduces soul into. it-as her “proper place’ of Bbpaee and on singh = wits ‘ove vit sifierta tings with < a different life.

.

bere ay —— on oe 1. bax dy of the. world, having unfol “essence, ita. fignre, and 4 ite motion. aw th this, ete as the: hes itself of the yw is st ie ga

universe, it is ifferently explained by the different i interpreters of Plato. For some call the centre of the earth the middle, but others. the Gara as being the isthmus of generated” and divine natures. Ot

EC STpR een £2 thers the equinoctial, as ee re _ th of ne heared 5 ALE oe sus pes 1 bi ‘

ie, eeu motion. es ye : oe a

‘ sion; in what he before said, whi ihe |

jal in body fabricated‘ the = oe sh t puedes io sunfolds-to. us inthe navi nse etait s:

fe. He also C aie : neon Som ee fountaia. |

Le Ste 57 But the theory: ‘of soul is connected eae K ded Feom a divine Rica

a t, eek. w oe position 6 of beaut in ae piiddle af: the”

ee that the shit is. the middle, as: being established i io. abe pliec ot; a heart ae ‘ Le sos ip the: oo others: the inerratic: 8 here, others th ee : ae reac diac. “And nee, ee

a

‘ae iB ing it svbilest A

ne ba tae oie dy + of f the: would onan “Kor Zs See

arse, viz. into intellect, soul, st Sie ecuecs ace e the two latter samen are subordinate. he cane pies And be terminates. ae

al ha He Reet

vest bed

. d : oF axe ws +. " til “ ‘ *; nh te, meade eh Abt

MAIS 3h

HALA H a

fy ey

iy

ta ‘i Hh

os

ers wer of the ventre: testifies in’ favour of the: first of Sere these, since it js connective of every. circulation, the motion of the: moon, — in favour of the second, sine it variously changes generation ; the vivific —

zodiac... And. the 4 20%

= equinootial circle, of the four th; and in favour ofthe nb, ‘the circulation . of: the: stars. about the wodine.- Por 5 hyrys- howes et, and: J jamblichus,

Bp ak oppose 3 all these interpretations, and reprobate themas understanding t the i ge “ gniddle in. away. accompanied with interval, and enclosing ina certain part the-soul of the whole word, which is every where similarly present, aybich rules ever all things, and Jeads all things-by its own motions. — OF -<. these divine men, bawever,. Porphyry assuming the: soul to be the souk of paige aS cs the universe, interprets the middle according to the: piyehionl “essence; for pastes retin’: soul is the middle of intelligibles. and sensibles. “Phis in on,

(i Sarees of Plato. _ Bat if we assuime this, that the universe derives: its completion — SoMa eee from intellect, soul and body, and that it isa psychical: and intellectual — animal, we shall find in this system that soul is the middle. Phin, bere

| rabies tae ~ fore, Plato: had before: asserted ; and now he will appear to: say noth

r Jamblichus thi

“0 allotted a middle: order in it. But the philase

eee: < a rated. soul, and which has: dominion over. all: things. - For according to. to

ee Os as i.e

‘SS

S628) OES Re SIP SPOS tat ee ‘ , .)

*

\

ue oe ne is notyparticipated by body, and whieh is arran ped al CSS Rage ae masta souls For the first. soul. is of this kind, a aos. > aserted of: this, us. being simi arly preseiit: te all: Se ie: CAUSE Ro) DOE belong ta any mots hasn no: Pape . e rot ft aletete ure vate et 8 fae ta oo a aninatex all H things speek

ew eu << ’,

oe ew

ay Os ticipants alee is tc wun and the feas. ae REE tc ae Sa As Ay

a! Nee ke Lies 2 tes Fe AN Vi

in nthe moon, others i in the sunt, 0 others in the. equin wotiat: cd cles ec

AR tt. aN than that the soul of the world isextended through: the universe, being Sy :

| bin; Pluto does not here speak of the mundane soul, but of th - fey _ “a TELA

Pew Mote 1. ee oT ae yd

1 f By fal ’ iO P’ Co ‘ - to . ; if ‘a? , ; * | : : , , ,i* 7 tin } ‘ r,’ iJ) . rit AG _ i : ¥\ ty Ao as p's iy a4 £ ‘ WA x ‘sy ts “ 7s : ‘ I UF By ae ;

oes eS = heat of the: san; in faxour of the third; the: factlity ‘af the motion: ofthe — = :

a ich fa however, does not appear to say any. ‘thing as with votesuins to. the lewd Oe

that by soul we should understand the exept, supermundane, ead the CS. ae

: ri ae more saees interprets the words: of Plato. “For i aude of therwontd has indeed that which is superu aundane and exempt. from. the: universe, according te which itis conjoined with | intellect, which Plato in the Phredres, and ‘Orpheus: in his verses concerning Eppa” denaminate the bead or summit of the soul, Et has also another multitude of powers proceeding from this movad, divided: about the: world, and appropriatel y present to all the parts. of’ ‘the universe, ; Aed these subsist 3 in one way indeed about the middle, in another way about the earth, j in another shout the sun, and in another about each of | ;- the apheres. One leader, therefore, says that all these are comprehended

ih #e present words of Plata, who indicates by them, that the soulof the

world in one way animates the middie, in another the whole balk, and es beat that it leaves something else prior to these exempt from the universe, =

* 4 That we may uot, however, carelessly attend to. what is here juts i eS “Plato, but may offer something demonstrative about the psychical powers,

it must, be said, that soul by a much greater priority than body is a vital Re X ; ae

world, and is both one and number, And by the one indeed, itis better x

than every form of habitudes but by the multitude it rules over the dit

ferent |

; of the universe. For in its. guardiao pe

converges. Farther still, every thing turbulent in the world is impelled ae ieee :

sa wersit contains the centre; since from thence. the whole sphere } is. governed, to. which phot es

to the middle, and revaires a diving guard, which i is able. to arrange it, and ie Oy v : ss |

det ain it Hi its proper. boundaries. Hence also, th ve

progressions of the highest Geds in that place; and “the. Pythagoreans | call the middle etiher the tower or the prison of. Jupiter. Butinitsstable =< aud at thea same titne. wivibie Lege ae contains Oe _ of the earth. Race ae

connective ee motive = poten i6 cee a airs te ie ntehied ees

powers, fire, And} jo Hs. intellectual powers, tlie whole heaven. In these

: Paes licowises i it iu one way: contains the lonar, i in paneer the sokin, i

“be i

edieis ve seni a us in. there Coenen tat he soul of the worl is ee by i ‘ : ‘i Ma? ahs

CHAP. KEIR. QF PLATO.

~ Such nasi, ini the animation of the world, or its part ci | al, Plato, as it i usual. with him, beginning according to conversion Se from things that are last, first imparts soul to the middle, afterwardsto the universe, and in the third place leaves something of soul extemalto the universe. F ‘or as be gave subsistence to bhady prior to soul, and to os parts prior to wholes, thus also he imparts soul to the world, beginning

- from things’ that have an- ultimate existence. When. Plato. therefore — ssa

delivered the order of the plenitudes of the world according to — beginning supernally, he placed intellect mm soul, and soul in body.

here where he delivers. the order according to copversion, be first ate Ss

middle, and afterwards the universe: itself. For the » fiver of =

the mi vivification proceeds as far ax to the centre; as the Chin

also assert, when speaking about the middle of the fwe coins, which pti |

from on high passes entirely to the opposite part, through the centre of the earth. For they say: * And another fifth middle fiery caesiog where a life-bearing fire descends as far as to the material rivers.”

Plate beginning fromm those things in which ammation ends, secu: the whole vivification, and prior to this surveys the exempt power of tay soul. We must not therefore place the ruling part of the weak in: ‘the ‘ centre; for this is exempt from the. universe ; but a certain power of it

C. owhieh: guards the whole order of the. world. For nothing else in the geen

ie universe has 80 much the power bf entirely subverting t the whole of things, Fi

See externally. i in a £ oliele paves rise. to. abe: aiid comme uiceme

about which the universe. with fs

as the centre and the: power of the cen’ i measured motion harmoniously revolves : Plato divinely says that the demiurgus placed: soul’and not the soul in the

—Henee if appears tome’ that ore |

middle of the universe. For these: differ from each other, because

, fu the. latter establishes the whole soul am the centre, but the former a ee

certain power of it, and a different. power J in different paris, eee eee <The: philosopher. himself however, shortly afler, when srnking of as eres | einen: saa of the world: Maye a “ But the soul gin Picea int dj from -

the middle to the very extremities of tie v

-atingg and wise life through the whole of time.” For — eee

bbe sigs i sauces fron ie tte miler have the same me meaning an “to es ; a

. > . ‘ . - bs © 4 _ - ~ ~ aad ras 4 ‘oe és) = . * » COT Ot On ee . poe a ~*~ Ae, , AS +. =. of aw 7 = > ae Grn! an sw . an ae ‘ + Vy, -. ’ ’ ¥ " —

vt,

yy > fa es

w tal

Nea enn hoo ae ne te ie to the: eaten recent 2 x Mee

7

Py a

S

ainvorge

f ang

Yan? > >

i «a we 2

x

“a Pa

moe %

" ‘ 4 vie ; * . . : ° . 7 ; ' ; St ee BAYT gets gee aiicis .; .* 5 Ae Vent ye . + >> sc me re 3 : 7 , ; +< 4 :. ; ‘ { : iv me ; <A Lads 2: vy) - : . . ui wy aM . a : “ h pee

hay ‘ yr Srp 4 A V4 is j fe ; Ree a eS ost : : : mo t. = 4 , . LY, yee ~ . ; Yor sf ANBAR SA: ley > CHAPTER j Aes er eee oe eg geen + ; yyy y pou ipiay - : cre " aA i ° Ste Vt ~ Mt Re | oy . d ath Pe

3 : Maly Ee) ‘ ALS r ; A , fee ve +? = ae Pa ey! , i faut HAS as te x aya nena use ‘ peice 8j SS eT gee Vine be PAY 5 Pe +. , ~~ Pia Lye :, ty : eX * y “ 1 "Sy ¥ : ‘ . > Cis ; : , , -* » : ve -% i. 2 . - % = Kur % res ? bs ye s+? we ie Od TAT ae , z.4 ‘ . ° + C.-@ st a of) = . “4. os | AM A sing circle” epee 5 a ty At “oN eit, sees 2 ry a ; 1 2; , > ~! © word) Deveson Ee AG He Mee tre os . . na, x€ =- ; cy -* 3° . oe a” Oe 4 a> te a) >t P 7 Sh > Z oe Ce ~~ . yi ° ‘. = ¢e . = ¥ 4 edi Sy ~, : ~--&,. by yy Pe _ of ‘: ees : a c * f PY) , - . 77> 7 . ond * » -' ~ + Fy: . : - Fy a ak , -é ne oO © ¥ oe : ‘ ‘ * mill ez * P - i . Ie ket vs :, Sint 3 Oe or oR ; , ae » civ eae y =I gs ' -* 2 A, fat ve ae Le ' : : ye Kine pis Pin > . = ne em | 7 -- a ry : ne 3 “fe 7 ire = SF . “<" tad : > - 4 Cou % . a ¥¢ » 3 wy ty ’ = te t es Aha, was ees ° ee

= oe a WEES De eS

-

: . 3 a fth

sib e Se e

~* A “ eee Oat aL fe 3eay eis tS i

ane ee »

#3 => St. a:

a yt — SY =

o a ' rey ae, : oy At io ee

-_— i . misstey

Sear

: aye

*

Bt) mA er. Ve esp seca OF PLATO.

ett if Be = 3 cineley asa whe whine: whirled sounds and eateries to Rss not ita s circle, asa + wheel ‘whet rolled — Bat ¥

base ot brat shesthes: esos ane iat thie i ‘ca siete in avis plan “Por this is conformable to what. has been before said, and accords with: Avy _ 4s afterwards ‘asserted. For Plato: himself shortly: after moves the — BIG nee eorporeal natore: ‘pacdrdinig: to the psychical circle, ‘and tenders: Sead ioe, ee twofold circulations: analogous: to the periods j in the soul, ~ Soe “ERS Be 02 Mlgreavet, 6: comprehend the whole blessedness of the worlds in three a £54 Cale Saat appellations, i is most appropriate to that which subsists» according tee ieee triple cause, via. the final, the paradigmatic, and the demiurgic. Por of Sues nee ee the appellations: themselves, the first-of them, viz. owe, is assumed fro — oy OMENS the finab cause i for the one is the same with the good. Bat the second; Sous iene vig. only, is assumed fram the paradigmatic cause, For the only-begotten aS iment ae aS ondgmese (Horaois) were, “prior: to the-universe, in’ all-perfect: animal aeoooatagt And the third, viz. the solitary, i is assumed from the. demiurgic CHU Acti For the ability of using itsell, and ‘through jitsell governing the world,

-

proceeds from: the denviurgic goodness. ‘The world: therefore is ane, ‘sahir Se ae

teen as itis: ited, and is converted to the one. Bat it 18 only, 30° far asit

AGT tit eaten participates of the intelligible, and coniprehends all: ‘thirigs i i itself. ao "a Paty hae tas: sohtary, so fir as if is similar to its father, and i is cable: 16 ‘gre: Ut ee

Bram the three’ however, it appears that itis a ‘God. For the “ane the Se ao eae ee perfect. and the self-sufficient, are the elements of deity. “Hence, the eee world receiving these, is also itself a God; being one indeed, according to eS pte hyparsis; but alone, according toa perfection who derives its comple ion oe Se Cane eee from all sensible natures; ‘and: solitary, throngb being: ‘sufficient to ‘itsell ee ee Sens Ne: For those that lead a ‘solitary: life, berng couverted to thenisely es tye the: hopes of salvation i in themselves: “And that: this i 1 the cspeee ae £o3 the tern solitary, will he evident from the following words~ <a ae

. - Re ", = “Ps ; ; Hi a . 3 : s. i. ‘ i s, , " > i an ere a , + es } ; +

Able sees vate to eonverse wi ith itsel f, ae of — zexte are eee

°° tat with which he is bovidhed; and to bis owe proper eee . those that live in solitary places, are the saviours of themselves, 50 fee: "ee oe a ou

PERL Ue CORR DD TC ee SNe At eet ene Py PEELE RR Maes CVE gS SERV yn SEN ese are

: Sa ee aes

Sie a8 ay ae (ON THR THEOLOGY AS 2 “ROOK em Heats clearly sacaifesis want, the solitariness is which he as 4 ihes. to the world, BES ee Ment ts ‘. 0 and that he denomina tes that being solitary, who looks to hie ms fy to as

a “respects human causes. The universe therefore is likewise. at

; - ner ‘solitary, as being sufficient to. itself, and preserving. itself, ot oes us

Pai ee diminution, but from an exuberance of power; | for §

_ giency is here indicated; and ashe says, through virtue. For he alone

among partial animals [such an we are] who possesses virtn ee associate with, and. jove himself with a parental affection. But the 9 9) vicious man Joking: ta bis anyward. baseness, is indignant with himself and a Sai of

= .

with. bi own essence, is astonished

with externals, and p

association with others, in. consequence of his: inabi lity to bebold hi iimself elf... a as Ne th if beautifil. axiines ESO Se conceptions, gladly

Jn: ti vd contrary, the. worthy man perceiving. hiv $ and is delighted, and producing in himself be wee

ne is ableto

embraces an association with himself. For we are naturally domesticated oe :

elves from deformity.

to the beautiful, but hastily withdraw our

aif the world possesses virtee: adapted to itself, in. its. intellectual: see =

psychical. essence, and in the perfection of its animal eon bering: to itself, it loves itself, and is present with, and sufficient te itself.

It is proper therefore to assert these things: to those. ee us nteilicibles external to. intellect, For. how ean that which tends to other

} 4 things, and as being deficient j 48 indigent of externals, be blessed ? Hence, a : Hae eee the. world i is: through virtue converted to itself, must not. intellect Mee.

this ina sanch. greater degree # ’ Intellect therefore intellectually. perceives

Ss iiself. And this is among. the. number of things immediately known. ARMOUR

; This also: deserves to be. syemarked, that Plato. when be gives. animation to SBS ie Mohan the: war hd, directly anaparts, virtue to. ie For the participation: of soul. Seen Fipmnediately. accompanied with the fulness uf viring, in the being: which

subsists: according to nature ¢ since the one cause of the virlties,’ is ‘also co-arranged with the fountain of souls, gad the “progression cof this faitainvis cease vale: he sats eroeaie

‘ alk ot ‘pa ra, See ACs } PX : eg ee Bt ‘ ;

Braet ‘ 4s 6) Bese 7 ae e rs Me ge ei Ee, das |

~ af soni = A nine eet to Us ‘

- < ’ -" . 7 + : > ¥ ‘ ry >? . 4 wee . is ‘2, i < ’ 7% a . ie we: »

year

. “ . ’ > ta

77 ‘Sh ji} ,.9i" a, ; lw ‘ “> ‘ war "ey «lara (oY doa et SOLA. ow iA” tebe’ ee TaSs ~ a a >: IME ‘ , ows 14 7 rr , ’ _ | +) Pei 7 4 ¢ ehy Ww a " wT AS . | si? ea AS eo | f . ; ww ra r efi aber? : (y¥e a At4 "se.

a God, it is rien

Ese soul, the participation of intellect, and the reception of “anion, ra

universe a God. And. the blessed God which he now mentions: 4s the Bo Gad who at a certain thine would exist,” animated, endued with intellect, eee united, Union however: is present with it according ty the hond of

world. For the bon ceeds from as Orpheus. also says: : bat the ion of t the

=

CHAD. cee

sjutieny sind emeen nival, primary and all-perfect ; bat another subst

in the ruling splen ilane Gods; qtstears in the fiber ied Gods es a another is mundane, through whieh the whole world possesses: undefiled — intelligence, an uud evieling ifs, an energy. converted to itself, and a”

purity anmingled with the animals which it contains. ‘From this virtue — therefore, the world. becomes knows and fae | ” sie ieee xe; rheowlege precedes: familiarity. Ae .

Since the universe ae. is delectills an. ioc ik a Gad, so hae indeed, as it is intellectual, it becomes: known ta itself; bat. @ far. a oe ly to. itself, For union 8 inane dato than Lesaeh

Tf therefore, the wniverse is known. to jisel which: ‘is. primarily known to itself i is nites: hed i} itis frnoaly a itself, it is united. But that which 3 18 united i ig deified; for the one which —

is in iste} ect isa God, Again | ? wre, you have virtue, a knowledge of,

and a ‘friendship ‘with itself, in the world ; the first of these. ee

into. it from soul; the second from. intellect; and the third from: deity.

Hence ‘Plato very. properly adds, that on acconnt of these things, the

world was generated by the demiurgusa blessed God ; for the presence of © der the

anulogy ; 7 but ouch, more from the one soul and the one intellect which — ik participates, For through these, greater” ees and a more: excellent union, proceaded into: the 1 wniverse. Aad gat bey Gr : ne Dasani

divine friendship, a au

ok “which Aen e ede fi

| spares SS 5. 7: wae : ae ' deific series] is still greater, and is the cause of gro

Moreover, felicity nist. likewise be. assumed in ee way adapted tothe — universe. For since itis aap — ide

ee 5a

a ‘ he Having ed demon.

ater r good | sae oe

ee” ae _ ss

df | fiom the pat ie othe and cas tte =

> . ; , n v3 : f ; f »o » A ‘ Lj poh ae RANT ORE aa AM Ch AY eR IMOL ISS EDA giv at sy barithn 1O) 9 ' = —“ ’ fi

- 7 - a . . : : oa iy [ owl 3 . : ». ; SRS Et aga | oN ‘THE THEOLOGY _ MGR Megs oe RMR Nr A +2 & - . , _ sy ; mA ' j AS AY, Wiley i] rere sy a “ Sata | - ay j . ‘ . : Pa HS iat ee A CaS PAA API Sill, iy ae tet ae. ’ ray) i 5 2 } | 7 . : f : . ay ‘2 ts We +s ile \ ii Whaat " ti Res 8S - ” : -3 ,¥% Ay me Eth t . - : . “: ‘ ; ; - bs ee Neat, NOS 2h : - . ot Cs : . Ps , > Vp. e' _ _ : "y ’ »~ _ ry * ° . a . My “ oR Be a Sees ant Sy he ‘a “i - ‘ = ete i ; i % a intellectual a a ’ PAT a Mw Vy sneae

tat as the form oF life ie di i

fest

i proper perfection, : providential Care, he medic say sey DOR On Ever thin 8 is deli “eh ‘ RUE Say that sale is i ation 16 she thecal ; Se eet tos : De thre intellect, a gh ae Salar @ : RSGee rR Ak es | a ee y ~~

—'S. — Zo ~~ ~« a ae ~ > ed Pn Oy - me oe on — orn <= = aan wees oa . a Ress a Ss 30 Ss —— “ — < - -~* . Se > r —- © mom * 5 & —, eel . “ae ap ~~ -* t -Sse oa Pe = +

= Poe Ee ' 3 : } Disete re, Ge pa i a Pe oh, os : | Ng tie Ee ; SS SME Sr 5)

Phe one however is no longer a God through: any thing ele, but

“= primarily a God ; just as intellect is primarily gnostic, as sol i is primar ee:

pape actisiotiee, and as eee is south in ae WAAC rae sec eo eee ee

E x oc an the teat: place, i shail present ‘ie cana ile whi: Pylon says in

the Timeus about the name of the world, and add to it the f lucidations :

roclus ; for thus every thing pertaining to the mundane Gods, and their great” ‘recipient the tiniverse will, have neen amply, and I trast satisfactorily discussed. Plato therefore says on this subject: ‘We shall denominate the universe, heaven, of the world, or by any other appellation : in which it may especially rejoice.” These names, says Proclus, were — attended with much ambiguity with the ancients. For some alon vcdlied :

the sublunary region sores kosmos, the world, | arid

some indeed, considered the moon as the boundary: of Avaven ; but: sp i 7 denominated the sommits of gonciation heaven. ‘Thus. pope

7 ‘ended hen in ae ad the ode ‘Fell to the lor of Joye. |

5 Hence Plato very ypeonety t prior to. the whole —

8 world, as ‘always:

1h es eae the world as ss from. the nu. For it. ‘Was gener cc eee and. is ea to ) them. ‘As. tometer #f of statues: : which are. Mekal a ee Pro: see es ee Vou. 1. Leaee, Ue .

and the region above it = sugaveg onranos, heaven ; but others called heaven a part of the world, : “And te

Pe r bi definitively Oe WCRI se concerning these names, denominating the universe Mecca and the world, Ba hernen ion Rex ake Ae And he calls it heaven indeed, as perceiving the things above, contempla- mae uN PRES Ragin >. ting the intelligible, and participating an intellectual essence; but: the meee Rares Sone D cing. filled and adorned by true beings. He likewise. Ee RTE ge _ denominates i it heaven as being converted to the principles of i its existence; : of etwas eet

‘ ve —_ indeed, so far as they povored fromm. the spells rib

Ee there. are. appropriate names. in every” order of. thi ngs

998 ON THE THEOLOGY —

established by: the cle :

estic. (er mystic). art; same: things HO a

world, and perfected by the father, has some things apparer

be eternally rooted in real essence. ‘The a ppellations. also. heaven and Phe Nk the es je

world are names significant of the apparent powers in the universe;

so far as they are conyerted to it. ae es

«This necessary: however, to, ae that che deus ds pane | eof the caiding oe SEs

~ aveording | to. which also it subsists i in unproceeding | union. “withcosal being, Setags eae ks For.

; divine indeed, j in

% power. of the universe, and which is a symbol of the

on is ineffable, and. not. -yacal, and i is known: tothe. Gods. themselves.

- the Gods; but dinnoetic. in the subjects of the Macnee ‘power of reason;

paid evan 4 in the ne of opiate = Ans this also, Plato. asserts in

Qk my, FF

And. oe Fe Chaless its name a ‘ine . ob heal Bibs Le Bat call'd cos ee thee sons ote se ey ae

| Aud in a Pain manner | in Y mony mers ‘nates. Pee as the ouaeayi bits of the Gods is of ¢ one kind, but that ‘of partial souls of another, so names » oe

ce the. former are. “different: from those i in. the latter. Divine names

| however, os the whole « essence of the ae, named 5 bat those of evi

: sue tN, ‘ oe a + Foe an Hee, it is necessary to read again. See tl we FEI + For condone tov ese 2 ragouciaiss i ir is requisite to vead toa i ite x. he, vest ‘ it Siree wit oe + After: rou aet si it is ‘ber ease to supply avrg. | |

L of RAMEE of. oe ,

. =. 253 Ih Sas a he,

~)° P yey, FT ’ > a

Pee wy ' ~*~

SS a Ae) §

“ah re & = ; ; . 7 » ; ty . * 4 2.

a rarer! ee them, but others are jnwardly concealed, which are: symbolical* ae ne ee presence of the Gods, and are known to the. mystic framers. ofthemalone; = after the same manner: the universe. being. the statue of ‘the intelligible es ; :

rent which are = indications. of its divinity, but others uhapparent, which are the marks, Re coed ence seals, | or. impressions. of the participation of true being,’ which ra received aes | from. the father who gave it perfection; in- order that through these it may PLAN ele te

St AN)

ee a

7 PY, _% t* T/PAR. af 5,8 Ps fot as 4h i. “sy ‘4 PAW: 4' iVNE ' ' .) >." * bse .4 ie } < ‘nt . 7 ‘ Py 7 i i es | Vey, j ML a! i ; ~~ Tae Was "> _ tua r ) — iy ‘K if * ? 4 | j a bea bp <>! ee dea. hy rey : wed, Wd ’ P ad? Sa) 4t' > o> ae ia : : fy aC sy ie oy Procter: ty . wala ‘ory 7 : YT 7 eas v ‘o atest Pies Pads LL” ie o> Fe a ‘ Ai wh “ay * 7 pu 1 pet | . sh 5 «ah , J , ge XS Ss Aa et kw Ss eas L,* ee ed "we ak Ge et s 7 Ai ea, ae r bry ‘ PE . ee I,

PO Rte, OO

1§}ue yb.

le . as 2 m2Ti J ‘ oF

et ry arenas

a. ee & us

Yt os

<-—_> > ~~ 7 = - = <4 >* > -

_ -—_ — a e w=" s :

i

> = > : ae - J * a

tai) & AS -

nea [

- -_-~-

OMAR on Bea." a)

We . Vit : ‘¥ Pata at tn

men onl ly ‘atiot this a pertially Plato Binsiors kebwing t that. a pre ‘

existed in the world, omits to. mention what the divine and. ineffable

“name of if is: awhich j is different from the apparent, and with great caution. | speaks of it asa symbol of the divine impression whieh the world 60435): contains. For the words, “or by any other appellation in which it mae Ch A especially rejoice,” are a latent hymn of the mundane nate so. far ge tt As is allotted an unspeakable and divine essence, in order that it may be. — co-ordinate to. that: which is signified by him. Hence also, divine ‘mundane names are delivered by theurgists; some being called by them — ineffable, but othiers effable ; and some. of them being the names of the Bey ee unapparent powers: in the world, but others, of the visible elements frona sul i ase = which it derives. its completion. — : ‘Plato. ‘therefore, here. delivers: both the-Ss apparent and | the ‘unapparent_ name of the world, the former: indeed, . - -dyadically, but the latter monadically ; for the words, * Moy by any other,” See are significant’ ‘of oneness. And the ineffable name indeed of the. universe, Suh 4s indicative of its abiding i in its father ; “the name world, of its penton; ; ASEM and heaven, of its rege aS

wression..

ot o: = ce ee 3. o FQ fats ct i ae ae Hi iS oh 28 CO. brt res PAR Cs

a) ee

cause, on account of which i. is 5 full of good, abiding sadeed ineifably, ae ny proceeding perfectly, and Srareteo te to the aie as to the Liewastiede EN Paste wines eee ee : aan ;

Version 1.0.0 — current. This is the version a bare /texts/proclus-theology-of-plato-taylor-1816/ serves. A new version is a new URL; this one is kept, so a citation to it keeps resolving.

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The state of this edition: in repair — the transcription as imported, its OCR damage not yet repaired. The text is readable end to end — the book and chapter structure was recovered from the page images of this edition, with a second transcription of the same print as a witness — but no emendation has been made yet: every damage character the scanner left stands visible in the reading view, marked, and the repairs list is empty. Each emendation will be recorded as a rule with the words it changes, why, and the page image it was decided from, as it is made; until then this page serves the scanned transcription and nothing more. A site is cleared by reading the printed page itself (the page images are kept with the edition); where one is still open, the reading view shows the transcription's damaged characters, marked, rather than a guess.

Edition. The Six Books of Proclus on the Theology of Plato, translated from the Greek, to which a seventh book is added in order to supply the deficiency of another book on this subject which was written by Proclus but since lost, by Thomas Taylor, 2 vols (London: printed for the author, 1816). This edition serves the Theology of Plato alone, over the two volumes the print gives it: vol. I entire, and vol. II only as far as the Theology runs in it (its printed pages 1-299). It stops there deliberately, and the printed volume does not: vol. II's next work is the Elements of Theology (its printed pages 301-441), which is a work of its own and already has its own edition in this library, and the treatises follow the Elements (On Providence and Fate, the Ten Doubts concerning Providence, and the Subsistence of Evil). Carrying vol. II on to the treatises would not serve this work; it would serve a second work twice.

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What was done to the text. This paragraph is the MECHANICAL work, which changes presentation and never a byte: what the text is corrected by is the recorded rule list, described under "the repairs, as rules" below and inspectable in full in the reader's own repairs panel. Nothing here is corrected against the print or modernised — the rules repair the transcription's damage, they do not edit the edition, and the transcription view shows the pages with no rule applied. The mechanical work, and these are all of it — paragraphs break where the print leaves a blank line (14753 read, 14753 written, the same count); hard line breaks inside a paragraph are joined into one line, and runs of spaces collapsed to one; a word broken across a line break is rejoined, its hyphen taken as the printer’s break and dropped, except where the word before it is a compound that carries a hyphen or where the next line begins with a capital, and then the hyphen stays; and a short line that reads as a heading becomes one (135 in this text, 90 at top level). Whatever was not a heading is a paragraph, so no passage is lost.

How to read this page. The transcription runs in the order of the printed volume’s own pages, so the digitiser’s stamp, the title pages and the book’s own contents list stand where the book put them, before the text proper. The contents block at the head of the text jumps to any heading in it, and every passage that is not a heading is a paragraph, so no page of the volume is skipped over.

What the transcription gets wrong, and you will see. Measured on the text of this page: 3,784 words that mix an "f" with a "t"; 39 of its 135 headings are a bare page number. These are the defects the repairs do NOT reach: a corrected text is a new edition, and this page is a transcription of a printed one whose damage is repaired only where a reading could be determined (see the repairs, below, for what is reached and what is left). What is left is left in place AND NAMED rather than deleted. A word that reads oddly is usually the transcription and not the edition: the long s of the print is frequently taken for an f, and a page number of the volume stands in the running text where the printer put it. Where a heading is a bare number it is the volume's own pagination, not a division of the work.

The edition this page carries. The same text is served here as an edition rather than only as prose: the document holds its 215 numbered sections, the 4 printed page numbers recovered from the volume’s own running heads and bare folios — 4 of them from a bare folio whose head’s words are gone, 0 interpolated between two numbered leaves, and 348 marker(s) left UNNUMBERED because no number could be read there — its 0 notes, every one of them defined with each of its 0 references resolved in both directions, and the whole text as one plain file for reading without scripts and for citing. The words served are the transcription, uncorrected; the repairs travel as rules rather than as a second text, so the difference between the two is a list anyone can read against the words that are served.

The contents list is generated. The printed volume has no contents page — nothing stands between its title page and its first division — so the 215 entries above are generated from the divisions the edition itself makes, each titled with its own opening words and each carrying the printed page it opens on. The opening words of 6 of those divisions are damaged in the transcription by more than the repairs can restore, and those entries state the gap instead of showing damaged words as a title: the transcription’s own words stand beside the entry, and no title is invented for it.

No repairs recorded yet. This version carries NO repair rules: the reading view and the transcription view are the same text, because no emendation has been made. Nothing is hidden either — every damaged character the scanner left stands visible in the reading view, MARKED as damage so a reader can see it is the scanner’s and not the author’s, and no word is silently corrected. The damage that stands is counted in TWO classes, stated apart because they are different things: 1158 damaged word(s) the transcription carries, and 1141 standalone marker(s) — one or more damage characters standing as their own token BETWEEN words (a lost space, or the scanner’s debris) — which are NOT words and are not counted as any. Between them they account for every one of the 16336 damage character(s) the text shows over the stretch the reading view renders (the note definitions and the unlabelled paragraphs included). Each emendation will be recorded here as a rule — the words it changes, why, and the page image it was decided from — as it is made. The policy, once rules are written, is: a recorded reading is substituted, and where none is recorded the transcription’s own characters stay.

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1. REESE — 13954 paragraphs
2. CHAPTER XLIV. — 799 paragraphs